## 前言 --- 记录下实践《操作系统真象还原》第一章节的系统与软件环境. 书籍作者为了统一操作环境, 建议在虚拟机环境下安装统一的Linux系统(centos6.x, 不再支持), 在此基础上部署bochs. 流行的Linux系统很多, 这里个人选择了`ubuntu22.04.4-desktop` 虚拟机部署统一的Linux系统选择: * VMWare/VirtualBox + Ubuntu * PVE8 + Ubuntu ## 部署 --- ### Linux安装配置 测试环境选择了在`PVE8`下安装`ubuntu22.04.4-desktop`长期支持版本, 具体过程略; ### bochs编译安装 简介: (读音同Box), 是一款基于LGPL开源协议的x86虚拟机软件，与QEMU等虚拟机软件相似  项目地址: https://github.com/bochs-emu/Bochs * 项目文档: https://bochs.sourceforge.io/ 下载页面: https://sourceforge.net/projects/bochs/files/bochs/ * 示例选择[bochs-2.6.8.tar.gz](https://sourceforge.net/projects/bochs/files/bochs/2.6.8/bochs-2.6.8.tar.gz/download "Click to download bochs-2.6.8.tar.gz") **源码下载与解压** ```bash # 浏览器打开上述下载链接, 开始下载 # 将文件放到用户家目录下, 示例用户sky # 解压 sky@pve:~$ tar -zxvf bochs-2.6.8.tar.gz sky@pve:~$ ls -lh total 4.9M drwxr-xr-x 16 sky sky 4.0K 9月 9 21:43 bochs-2.6.8 -rw-r--r-- 1 sky sky 4.9M 9月 9 12:38 bochs-2.6.8.tar.gz ... ``` **执行配置** * 配置过程经历了多次错误, 根据错误提示依次安装缺失的软件包即可 * 最后完整输出日志: [bochs_configure_output.txt](https://zoe.red/usr/uploads/2025/09/2851437222.txt) ```bash sky@pve:~$ cd bochs-2.6.8/ # 设置安装位置为当前用户下的bochs目录, 可以根据需要修改 # --prefix=/home/sky/bochs sky@pve:~/bochs-2.6.8$ ./configure \ --prefix=/home/sky/bochs \ --enable-debugger \ --enable-disasm \ --enable-iodebug \ --enable-x86-debugger \ --with-x \ --with-x11 ``` 补充: 错误信息提示及解决方法 ```bash # 1. 缺失C编译器 checking for gcc... no checking for cc... no checking for cl.exe... no configure: error: in `/home/sky/bochs-2.6.8': configure: error: no acceptable C compiler found in $PATH sky@pve:~/bochs-2.6.8$ sudo apt install gcc # 2. 缺少C++编译器 checking how to run the C++ preprocessor... /lib/cpp configure: error: in `/home/sky/bochs-2.6.8': configure: error: C++ preprocessor "/lib/cpp" fails sanity check See `config.log' for more details sky@pve:~/bochs-2.6.8$ sudo apt install g++ # 3. 缺失X11相关库 checking for wx-config... not_found checking for wxWidgets configuration script... not_found checking for wxWidgets library version... checking for default gui on this platform... x11 ERROR: X windows gui was selected, but X windows libraries were not found. sky@pve:~/bochs-2.6.8$ sudo apt install libxrandr-dev # 4. 缺失库pkg-config checking X11/xpm.h usability... no checking X11/xpm.h presence... no checking for X11/xpm.h... no checking for display libraries... X11 ERROR: pkg-config was not found, or unable to access the gtk+-2.0 package. Install pkg-config and the gtk+ development package, or disable the gui debugger, or the wxWidgets display library (whichever is being used). sky@pve:~/bochs-2.6.8$ sudo apt install pkg-config ``` **执行安装** ``` # 1. 安装make等工具 sudo apt install build-essential # 2. 安装bochs sky@pve:~/bochs-2.6.8$ make install ... g++ -c -I. -I./. -Iinstrument/stubs -I./instrument/stubs -DBXIMAGE -g -O2 -D_FILE_OFFSET_BITS=64 -D_LARGE_FILES ./iodev/hdimage/vpc-img.cc -o misc/vpc-img.o g++ -c -I. -I./. -Iinstrument/stubs -I./instrument/stubs -DBXIMAGE -g -O2 -D_FILE_OFFSET_BITS=64 -D_LARGE_FILES ./iodev/hdimage/vbox.cc -o misc/vbox.o /bin/bash ./libtool --mode=link --tag CXX g++ -o bximage -g -O2 -D_FILE_OFFSET_BITS=64 -D_LARGE_FILES misc/bximage.o misc/hdimage.o misc/vmware3.o misc/vmware4.o misc/vpc-img.o misc/vbox.o g++ -o bximage -g -O2 -D_FILE_OFFSET_BITS=64 -D_LARGE_FILES misc/bximage.o misc/hdimage.o misc/vmware3.o misc/vmware4.o misc/vpc-img.o misc/vbox.o for i in /home/sky/bochs/bin; do mkdir -p $i && test -d $i && test -w $i; done for i in bochs bximage; do if test -f $i; then install $i /home/sky/bochs/bin; else install ./$i /home/sky/bochs/bin; fi; done for i in bochsdbg ; do if test -f $i; then install $i /home/sky/bochs/bin; else install ./$i /home/sky/bochs/bin; fi; done install: cannot stat './bochsdbg': No such file or directory make: [Makefile:420: install_bin] Error 1 (ignored) mkdir -p /home/sky/bochs/share/man/man1 mkdir -p /home/sky/bochs/share/man/man5 for i in bochs bximage bochs-dlx; do cat ./doc/man/$i.1 | sed 's/@version@/2.6.8/g' | gzip -9 -c > /home/sky/bochs/share/man/man1/$i.1.gz; chmod 644 /home/sky/bochs/share/man/man1/$i.1.gz; done for i in bochsrc; do cat ./doc/man/$i.5 | gzip -9 -c > /home/sky/bochs/share/man/man5/$i.5.gz; chmod 644 /home/sky/bochs/share/man/man5/$i.5.gz; done for i in /home/sky/bochs/share/bochs; do mkdir -p $i && test -d $i && test -w $i; done for i in bios/BIOS-bochs-* bios/VGABIOS* bios/SeaBIOS* bios/bios.bin-* ; do if test -f $i; then install -m 644 $i /home/sky/bochs/share/bochs; else install -m 644 ./$i /home/sky/bochs/share/bochs; fi; done mkdir /home/sky/bochs/share/bochs/keymaps for i in ./gui/keymaps/*.map; do install -m 644 $i /home/sky/bochs/share/bochs/keymaps/; done for i in /home/sky/bochs/share/doc/bochs; do mkdir -p $i && test -d $i && test -w $i; done for i in CHANGES COPYING LICENSE README TODO misc/slirp.conf; do if test -f $i; then install -m 644 $i /home/sky/bochs/share/doc/bochs; else install -m 644 ./$i /home/sky/bochs/share/doc/bochs; fi; done rm -f /home/sky/bochs/share/doc/bochs/README cat ./build/linux/README.linux-binary ./README > /home/sky/bochs/share/doc/bochs/README install -m 644 ./.bochsrc /home/sky/bochs/share/doc/bochs/bochsrc-sample.txt ``` ### bochs配置 示例配置模板: * 完成之前步骤, 会在目的安装路径下找到示例配置文件 * 示例路径为: `/home/sky/bochs/share/doc/bochs/bochsrc-sample.txt` 自定义配置示例 ```bash # 在bochs自定义安装路径下创建启动配置文件 sky@pve:~/bochs$ pwd /home/sky/bochs sky@pve:~/bochs$ vim bochsrc.disk """ # Bochs启动配置文件 # 1.Bochs在运行中可使用的内存，设为32MB megs: 32 # 2.设置对应真实机器的BIOS和VGA BIOS; # 须为绝对路径，Bochs不识相对路径 romimage: file=/home/sky/bochs/share/bochs/BIOS-bochs-latest vgaromimage: file=/home/sky/bochs/share/bochs/VGABIOS-lgpl-latest # 3.选择启动盘: 硬盘启动 boot: disk # 4.日志输出 log: bochs_disk.log # 5.关闭鼠标 # 打开键盘, 默认使用US布局 mouse: enabled=0 keyboard: keymap=/home/sky/bochs/share/bochs/keymaps/x11-pc-us.map # 6.ATA磁盘控制器和磁盘镜像设置 # 创建硬盘/磁盘后取消 ata0-master行注释, 并更新相应信息 ata0: enabled=1, ioaddr1=0x1f0, ioaddr2=0x3f0, irq=14 # ata0-master: type=disk, path="hd60M.img", mode=flat, cylinders=121, heads=16, spt=63 """ ``` ## 启动测试 --- **自定义配置启动** * 不存在硬盘启动bochs虚拟机: 见下图 ```bash sky@pve:~/bochs$ pwd /home/sky/bochs sky@pve:~/bochs$ ls bin/ bochs bximage sky@pve:~/bochs$ ./bin/bochs -f ./bochsrc.disk ```  **创建启动硬盘** * 存在硬盘后启动虚拟机: 见下图 ```bash # 1. 新建硬盘 sky@pve:~/bochs$ ./bin/bximage ======================================================================== bximage Disk Image Creation / Conversion / Resize and Commit Tool for Bochs $Id: bximage.cc 12690 2015-03-20 18:01:52Z vruppert $ ======================================================================== 1. Create new floppy or hard disk image 2. Convert hard disk image to other format (mode) 3. Resize hard disk image 4. Commit 'undoable' redolog to base image 5. Disk image info 0. Quit Please choose one [0] 1 Create image Do you want to create a floppy disk image or a hard disk image? Please type hd or fd. [hd] hd What kind of image should I create? Please type flat, sparse, growing, vpc or vmware4. [flat] Enter the hard disk size in megabytes, between 10 and 8257535 [10] 60 # 磁盘大小为60MB What should be the name of the image? [c.img] hd60M.img # 磁盘镜像保存名称 Creating hard disk image 'hd60M.img' with CHS=121/16/63 The following line should appear in your bochsrc: ata0-master: type=disk, path="hd60M.img", mode=flat #2. 更新启动配置 # 根据新创建磁盘最后的输出信息更新对应内容 # 这里都保持不变, 仅取消最后一行注释 sky@pve:~/bochs$ vim bochsrc.disk """ ... ata0: enabled=1, ioaddr1=0x1f0, ioaddr2=0x3f0, irq=14 ata0-master: type=disk, path="hd60M.img", mode=flat, cylinders=121, heads=16, spt=63 """ #3. 再次启动 sky@pve:~/bochs$ ./bin/bochs -f ./bochsrc.disk ```  **快捷启动** * 在shell中设置alias别名快捷启动bochs ```bash vim ~/.bashrc """ # 追加一行 alias bochs='/home/sky/bochs/bin/bochs -f /home/sky/bochs/bochsrc.disk' """ source ~/.bashrc ``` <div class="hideContent">该部分仅登录用户可见</div>